MY HYBRID LFA YAGI OBLONG ANTENNAS FOR 144 MHZ

As you see, I have changed this page. All models which do not completely cover 144 to 144 MHz are removed now, and many new models added. Also, more details for each particular model are included, specially about stacking.

One can say this is too big choice which would make confusion. No, I think. Every individual antenna has its own stacking characteristics. An antenna can differ than another one with the same boom length, producing higher gain at one stacking distance and lower gain at another distance.

Something on working bandwidth (for SWR 1.5) should be said. It must be as bigger as possible. This way, minor errors in constructive dimensions will not have any important impact on antenna performance. Believe me, all favours which a low bandwidth antenna offers, can easily be lost. Not only by constructive errors, but by surrounding things on the mast, too. Big bandwidth antenna gives much better reproducibility and expected characteristics.

Since very long ago, discussions on yagi versus loop were started, having not been finished yet. Two element quad equals a three element yagi. It was estimated that adding more elements does not show any important difference between them. No, not at all! You can see my page with quad-oblong antennas, and find out that loop antennas still have better characteristics with bigger number of elements.

Some modellers tried to combine yagi and loop elements, and the quagi and other antenna forms were born. However, the difference between a classic style yagi and them remains not so big.

But, if you take some first elements (reflector, radiator and two to five directors) to be yagi elements, and all other elements to be loops, the difference becomes bigger. This page is devoted to them, to the hybrid yagi-oblong antennas, shortly: the hybrids.

Some can explain the good characteristics of the hybrids in a scientific manner. There is an area of exciting in every antenna, followed by waveguide area, then matching area... Whatever, you can find the hybrid models in the list enclosed down and compare them to some yagi models of the well-known modellers, such as YU7EF and G0KSC.

Some models in the list have LFA radiators, some have classic open or folded dipole. I have chosen their impedance to be 200 Ohms, since this impedance can easily be matched and symmetrized to 50 Ohm coaxial feeding cable. There are some models with 50 Ohms impedance, and this is separately indicated.

Bellow you can find the list of my hybrid models for 144 MHz. Detailed data can be obtained by clicking on the hyperlink of the particular antenna. The models are listed in order of boom length, where you can find the number of all elements, the number of loop elements, the length in milimetres and the height of these loop (oblong) elements in milimetres, too. This is followed by the antenna performances with no loss (the upper row), and with loss for aluminum in the lower row. Finnaly, the central frequency is given and the lowest and the highest frequency for SWR 1.5.

My marking principles are: the first letters (QY) stand for Quad-Yagi, followed by the number(s) giving the band (2 meters in this case) and the number of elements (two digits). The next two digits stand for the element thickness. The letters XL are a part of my call sign, followed by serial number of the model and, finally, the letter D with a number, showing how many loop elements there are.

· every model must cover the whole 144-146 MHz band with SWR less than 1.5,

· every model must have vertical side lobe suppression better than 17 dB (as advised by DL6WU, for good stacking),

· every model has LFA shaped radiator and 200 Ohm impedance (except separately indicated).

LFA radiator has advantages regarding classic open or folded dipole. It gives much better opportunities for modelling, but also better results because all elements are in line within this configuration.

Not only better characterics are obtained with hybrid antennas. Such antenna can very easily be built for combined horizontal/vertical polarisation, or for circular polarisation. You have just to make another set of vertical yagi elements. Oblong directors by their nature are ready to serve both polarizations. Every antenna model is checked for XPOL in the way that vertical yagi elements are mounted 20 mm back on the boom, behind horizontal yagi elements. No significant differences are found in the vertical antenna characteristics. Just a bit higher gain (the vertical boom is longer for 20 mm), and a bit higher antenna temperature. Also, SWR on the central frequency changes just a litte bit, therefore nothing has to be specially optimized. However, if you want to get it optimized, just send me an e-mail and I will give you the necessary corrections. Also, if anyone wants to improve his classic style yagi by converting one or more directors into oblong – here I am.

NEC/EZNEC, after having computed characteristics of an antenna, starts checking these data validity. Gain of antenna is now calculated from the formerly computed radiation pattern. If no material loss, these two values for gain must be equal. The equality depends on the segmentation density. Therefore, precision of all calculation directly depends on the proper segmentation for all antenna elements.

Sometimes, a difference apears between the two values for gain. Usually, this is a neglegible difference, but if you want to make comparison to other antenna models, it must be zeroed. So, if you want to compare, every antenna modeller using NEC/EZNEC should make it zero.

When the no-loss AGT is zero, one can calculate antenna characteristics for the material loss included. Now, you can see that loss for ticker elements is lower. You can also see that the material loss for my antennas is lower than for other modellers. How – let it be my secret.

Two antennas stacked should theoretically give 2 times higher gain (3 dB). DL6WU and others found that this is not possible in practice and the maximum obtainable gain is 2.4 to 2.5 dB.

What is the reason for this? Increasing the distance between two stacked antennas, more energy is concentrated into the main lobe and more gain is produced. In the same time, more energy is going into the side lobes, and this energy is lost for our purposes. The main lobe becomes narrower, but the side lobes become denser and fatter, resulting in higher antenna temperature.

All antennas designed 30-40 years ago have high antenna temperature. Therefore, stacking such antennas at big distances, at one point give unacceptably high antenna temperature – and this is the reason why the theoretical value of 3 dB cannot be achieved.

These days modellers pay much more attention to antenna temperature. Such low temperature antennas produce their associated gain which is very close to 3 dB (or 6 dB if four antennas are considered).

Another good advantage of the hybrid antenna is good stacking results. Bellow included is the table showing the QY21105XL4 hybrid in comparison with the EF0211-5B and the G0KSC 11ELKKA, separately for single antenna, and for four antennas stacked for lowest temperature, for highest G/T and for maximum gain.

As you see, the table shows the gain yield of more than 6 dB! No, this is not error! The total gain is up to 6 dB. The rest is obtained by shifting the complete antenna characteristics down in the frequency, so the area with higher antenna gain comes to the calculated frequency. This is my reason why I am modelling antennas as high as on 144.500 MHz. Putting the antenna on tower (or in stack), the surrounding impact will move the complete antenna characteristics down to 144.100 – 144.300 MHz, just to DX/contest/EME area.

I would not recommend taking the stacking distance for maximum gain, but for maximum G/T. This small gain difference between maximum gain and maximum G/T is paid with significantly narrower main lobe!

However, you can see that, within my models, the best G/T ussualy appears together with the maximum gain. Even, especially with very long antennas, the lowest antenna temperature is achieved together with the highest gain!

I think the best loop shape is the circle. Modelling with round loops is almost impossible in NEC/EZNEC. The next good shape is the square. I have chosen the rectangle which must be in shape as close as possible to the square.

In the detailed files for a particular antenna, you can see the table with antenna element dimensions. All oblong elements of a particular antenna have the same height, therefore the horizontal side dimension is different and is given in the table, marked DQ1, DQ2.... The complete length of an oblong element is, therefore, 2 x height + 2 x DQ. When building oblong elements, you can bend them with a certain radius, but keeping in mind that bending should not make the complete length extended or shortened. Therefore, an oblong element should be cut in one piece to the complete length, and then bent.

Keep in mind that the boom correction is not included. For oblongs this correction is not needed, but yagi elements are very sensitive to correct length. Since there are no absolutely precize boom correction formulas, the best way is to avoid the impact of the boom, by mounting elements on isolators at least 10 mm high over the boom. If you realy must mount them not isolated, apply the SM5BSZ formula for boom correction or find data on YU7EF web site.

Regarding LFA radiator: In the detailed info of an antenna you can see De1 and De2 dimension and the distance between them. You have to calculate the total length of the LFA radiator by yourself:

In this length, a feeding points gap is included (usually 10 mm). The calculated total length should be shortened for 10 mm

The feeding point is usually placed on De2, check the sketch in the details file.

As mentioned before, just another set of yagi elements have to be placed in the perpendicular plane, 20 mm back on the boom. However, if you want it correct, all elements must cross each other in centerline. Therefore, mounting over the boom is not allowed – elements must pass through the boom, and that means boom correction!.

There is another approach: just the oblong elements are mounted on the metal boom. Since the length of the boom part with yagi elements is not too big (2 – 3 mtrs), it is possible to use a good fishing rod for this part of the boom – keeping all elements in centerline.

The next problem that must be solved is: both coaxial cables must be lead beyond reflector, not alongside the boom. The cables must not interfere with both horizontal or vertical radiation zone of antenna. (This applies to antenna mast and holders, too, which have to not be of metal, either).

The table contains some antenna models of the well known modellers: YU7EF and G0KSC so you can quickly get vision of what qualities you can expect. Here is the table...and I hope you will enjoy reading this.

ANTENNA

TYPE

Total ele nr

Loop

ele nr

(mm)

Boom length

(mm)

Ele height

(mm)

Gain

(dBi)

F/B

(dB)

F/Sh

(dB)

F/Sv

(dB)

H lobe

(◦)

V lobe

(◦)

(◦K)*

G/T

(dB)*

Central

f (MHz)

Δf for SWR=1,5

Lower

Upper

QY20705

XL7D2

2110

500

11.67

20.76

24.98

20.87

48.4

57.8

285.7

-12.89

144.500

139.200

147.700

11.63

20.83

24.96

20.83

48.4

57.6

285.7

-12.93

G0KSC

6 ELE EU

10/13

2349

12.01

24.28

27.15

21.08

46.6

55.6

272.1

-12.34

144.100

141.100

145.750

11.96

24.22

27.12

21.07

46.5

55.6

272.3

-12.39

EF0206-5

2377

11.91

25.74

24.52

14.37

46.0

55.2

283.0

-12.61

144.400

140.200

145.300

11.84

25.74

24.52

14.37

46.0

55.2

283.3

-12.68

QY20805

XL5D3

2390

500

12.22

34.55

21.41

16.00

45.8

53.0

272.4

-12.18

144.500

139.600

146.800

12.18

33.93

21.38

15.99

45.6

52.8

272.3

-12.17

QY20805

XL4D3

2785

500

12.58

20.68

23.01

17.17

44.6

50.8

262.0

-11.60

144.500

141.000

148.400

12.53

20.63

22.97

17.15

44.6

50.6

262.4

-11.66

G0KSC

7ELE EU

10/13

2894

12.89

20.80

26.88

16.21

42.8

49.2

260.5

-11.27

144.100

141.300

145.400

12.83

20.83

27.27

16.18

42.8

49.2

260.9

-11.34

QY20905

XL5D4

3205

500

13.16

32.29

20.37

17.61

42.2

46.4

248.2

-10.79

144.500

139.900

146.500

13.10

32.83

20.32

17.60

42.2

46.2

249.0

-10.86

EF0207-5

3274

12.95

25.07

24.91

17.25

42.4

48.8

255.9

-11.13

144.300

140.400

145.100

12.85

24.85

24.82

17.20

42.2

48.6

256.8

-11.25

QY20905

XL8D4

3615

500

13.49

21.51

22.19

16.92

41.0

44.6

244.0

-10.38

144.500

142.300

146.600

13.44

21.39

22.18

16.91

41.0

44.6

244.9

-10.45

G0KSC

8 EURO

6/13

3729

13.35

24.84

32.20

19.43

41.6

47.6

236.5

-10.39

144.100

141.600

145.450

13.28

24.8

32.45

19.41

41.6

47.6

237.4

-10.47

QY20905

XL3D4

3785

500

13.33

18.85

25.89

16.99

42.0

46.2

246.0

-10.58

144.500

139.800

148.100

13.28

18.84

25.87

16.98

42.0

46.0

246.7

-10.64

QY20905

XL9D4

3805

450

13.47

23.43

24.65

17.70

41.4

45.4

239.0

-10.31

144.500

139.900

146.550

13.42

23.43

24.57

17.69

41.2

45.4

239.8

-10.38

EF0208-5

3880

13.52

22.20

22.07

15.33

40.0

45.0

248.2

-10.43

144.200

141.220

145.490

13.45

22.20

22.07

15.33

40.0

45.0

249.2

-10.51

QY20905

XL4D3

4205

520

14.23

24.07

18.99

18.05

37.2

40.4

236.4

-9.51

144.500

142.600

146.600

14.15

23.87

18.96

18.08

37.2

40.4

237.8

-9.61

G0KSC

9ELWB

4447

14.12

20.26

21.14

16.17

37.6

41.8

239.6

-9.68

144.100

142.700

145.550

14.04

20.16

21.13

16.13

37.6

41.8

240.9

-9.78

EF0209-5

4490

14.06

21.78

22.47

16.64

37.8

42.2

239.8

-9.74

144.200

140.100

145.480

13.99

21.78

22.47

16.64

37.8

42.2

240.9

-9.83

QY21005

XL4D3

5085

500

14.79

27.78

19.21

18.37

35.2

38.0

228.1

-8.79

144.500

142.900

146.950

14.69

27.64

19.18

18.39

35.2

38.0

229.8

-8.92

EF0210-LT1

5185

14.11

31.70

28.07

22.78

38.4

43.0

223.9

-9.39

144.300

141.300

146.020

14.03

31.34

28.02

22.73

38.4

42.8

225.4

-9.50

EF0210-5

5290

14.77

20.85

21.87

17.23

34.8

38.0

233.8

-8.92

144.300

140.190

145.450

14.67

20.85

21.87

17.23

34.8

38.0

235.4

-9.05

QY21105

XL5D4

5615

500

15.04

24.74

18.51

17.52

34.2

36.8

229.6

-8.57

144.500

141.600

147.000

14.95

24.55

18.48

17.51

34.2

36.8

231.2

-8.69

EF0211B-5

5980

15.13

29.23

21.03

17.02

33.8

36.8

229.1

-8.47

144.300

140.600

145.210

15.03

29.23

21.03

17.02

33.8

36.8

230.8

-8.60

QY21105

XL4D4

6000

500

15.34

27.70

19.30

18.59

33.4

35.6

221.5

-8.11

144.500

143.200

146.400

15.23

27.66

19.28

18.57

33.2

35.6

223.5

-8.26

11ELKKA

G0KSC

6048

15.22

30.02

20.81

16.79

33.2

36.2

228.7

-8.37

144.100

142.500

145.470

15.14

30.08

20.77

16.77

33.2

36.2

229.8

-8.47

EF0211-5

6325

15.24

20.19

22.13

18.06

33.8

36.6

226.7

-8.31

144.100

142.500

144.750

15.14

20.19

22.13

18.06

33.8

36.6

228.5

-8.45

QY21205

XL4D5

6838

500

15.77

28.75

18.93

18.04

31.8

33.6

219.6

-7.65

144.500

143.100

146.100

15.66

28.49

18.89

18.02

31.8

33.6

221.7

-7.80

G0KSC

12ELKKA

6906

15.69

30.19

21.71

18.07

31.8

34.4

222.4

-7.78

144.100

142.600

145.450

15.61

30.36

21.70

18.05

31.8

34.4

223.8

-7.89

EF0212-5

7260

15.91

21.21

20.14

16.71

31.2

33.4

224.0

-7.59

144.300

143.300

144.820

15.81

21.21

20.14

16.71

31.2

33.4

226.0

-7.73

QY21305

XL3D6

7805

500

16.22

34.89

20.29

18.42

30.6

32.0

217.4

-7.15

144.500

142.900

146.330

16.10

34.33

20.25

18.45

30.6

32.0

219.7

-7.32

G0KSC

13ELKKB

7855

16.13

26.03

22.49

19.28

30.4

32.4

219.4

-7.28

144.600

142.650

145.370

16.03

26.03

22.49

19.27

30.4

32.4

221.1

-7.42

EF0213-5

8150

16.40

19.51

19.16

16.69

29.4

31.2

224.8

-7.12

144.300

143.660

144.620

16.25

19.51

19.16

16.69

29.4

31.2

227.6

-7.32

QY21405

XL2D7

8765

500

16.60

38.02

21.21

18.26

29.6

30.8

215.1

-6.73

144.500

142.700

146.250

16.48

38.64

21.22

18.28

29.6

30.6

217.5

--6.89

G0KSC 14ELJJD

8817

16.55

40.58

27.30

16.75

28.8

30.6

220.7

-6.89

144.100

142.350

145.270

16.48

40.07

27.28

16.73

28.8

30.4

222.1

-6.98

EF0214-5

9100

16.81

22.03

20.11

17.64

28.2

30.0

220.7

-6.63

144.300

143.720

144.620

16.67

22.03

20.11

17.64

28.2

30.0

223.3

-6.82

QY21505

XL2D8

9675

500

16.92

33.40

21.35

18.20

28.60

29.8

214.7

-6.40

144.500

142.400

146.150

16.81

32.98

21.33

18.24

28.6

29.8

217.0

-6.55

G0KSC

14ELJJB

9757

16.83

29.64

22.24

24.47

28.4

30.2

213.7

-6.47

144.100

142.850

145.320

16.74

29.84

22.23

24.46

28.4

30.2

215.5

-6.59

EF0215-6

10060

17.23

18.81

17.82

15.76

26.2

27.4

226.3

-6.32

144.500

143.700

144.450

17.04

18.75

17.76

15.71

26.0

27.4

229.6

-6.57

QY21605

XL1D9

10625

500

17.26

30.72

20.72

17.23

27.4

28.4

215.0

-6.06

144.500

142.400

146.400

17.14

30.46

20.73

17.24

27.4

28.4

217.4

-6.23

G0KSC 16ELKKA

10696

17.10

33.16

31.32

26.13

27.8

29.4

209.0

-6.10

144.100

142.800

145.260

17.00

33.49

31.33

26.12

27.8

29.4

211.0

-6.24

QY21705

XL7D10

11615

500

17.56

28.68

21.02

17.71

26.6

27.4

214.2

-5.75

144.500

142.500

146.450

17.44

28.47

21.00

17.71

26.6

27.2

216.6

-5.92

EF0217-5X

11940

17.66

31.90

22.08

20.19

25.8

27.0

217.1

-5.71

144.250

141.500

145.600

17.51

31.51

22.09

20.20

25.8

27.0

220.0

-5.91

QY21805

XL7D11

12525

500

17.78

32.03

21.19

17.64

26.0

26.8

213.1

-5.51

144.500

142.900

146.400

17.66

31.70

21.19

17.65

26.0

26.6

215.6

-5.68

ANTENNA

TYPE

Total ele nr

Loop

ele nr

(mm)

Boom length

(mm)

Ele height

(mm)

Gain

(dBi)

F/B

(dB)

F/Sh

(dB)

F/Sv

(dB)

H lobe

(◦)

V lobe

(◦)

(◦K)*

G/T

(dB)*

Central

f (MHz)

Δf for SWR=1,5

Lower

Upper

QY20706

XL7D2

2110

500

11.68

21.95

24.97

21.07

48.4

57.6

284.6

-12.86

144.500

138.900

147.450

11.64

22.00

24.95

21.04

48.4

57.6

284.7

-12.90

G0KSC

6 ELE EU

10/13

2349

12.01

24.28

27.15

21.08

46.6

55.6

272.1

-12.34

144.100

141.100

145.750

11.96

24.22

27.12

21.07

46.5

55.6

272.3

-12.39

EF0206-5

2377

11.91

25.74

24.52

14.37

46.0

55.2

283.0

-12.61

144.400

140.200

145.300

11.84

25.74

24.52

14.37

46.0

55.2

283.3

-12.68

QY20806

XL7D3

2785

500

12.76

21.50

20.74

17.15

43.5

48.7

260.4

-11.40

144.500

141.250

147.100

12.71

21.46

20.69

17.13

43.5

48.7

260.8

11.45

G0KSC

7ELE EU

10/13

2894

12.89

20.80

26.88

16.21

42.8

49.2

260.5

-11.27

144.100

141.300

145.400

12.83

20.83

27.27

16.18

42.8

49.2

260.9

-11.34

EF0207-5

3274

12.95

25.07

24.91

17.25

42.4

48.8

255.9

-11.13

144.300

140.400

145.100

12.85

24.85

24.82

17.20

42.2

48.6

256.8

-11.25

QY20806

XL4D1

3455

500

13.41

21.10

23.70

18.02

40.2

45.8

250.0

-10.57

144.500

140.400

146.150

13.34

21.01

23.65

18.00

40.0

45.6

250.8

-10.65

G0KSC

8 EURO

6/13

3729

13.35

24.84

32.20

19.43

41.6

47.6

236.5

-10.39

144.100

141.600

145.450

13.28

24.8

32.45

19.41

41.6

47.6

237.4

-10.47

EF0208-5

3880

13.52

22.20

22.07

15.33

40.0

45.0

248.2

-10.43

144.200

141.220

145.490

13.45

22.20

22.07

15.33

40.0

45.0

249.2

-10.51

QY20906

XL3D3

4255

500

14.25

21.20

19.18

18.90

37.4

40.8

233.8

-9.44

144.500

142.450

146.150

14.10

21.01

19.12

18.91

37.4

40.8

236.0

-9.63

G0KSC

9ELWB

4447

14.12

20.26

21.14

16.17

37.6

41.8

239.6

-9.68

144.100

142.700

145.550

14.04

20.16

21.13

16.13

37.6

41.8

240.9

-9.78

EF0209-5

4490

14.06

21.78

22.47

16.64

37.8

42.2

239.8

-9.74

144.200

140.100

145.480

13.99

21.78

22.47

16.64

37.8

42.2

240.9

-9.83

QY21006

XL3D3

5025

400

14.68

26.40

18.70

16.82

35.8

38.6

231.1

-8.96

144.400

140.300

147.200

14.61

26.24

18.68

16.81

35.8

38.6

232.3

-9.05

EF0210-LT1

5185

14.11

31.70

28.07

22.78

38.4

43.0

223.9

-9.39

144.300

141.300

146.020

14.03

31.34

28.02

22.73

38.4

42.8

225.4

-9.50

EF0210-5

5290

14.77

20.85

21.87

17.23

34.8

38.0

233.8

-8.92

144.300

140.190

145.450

14.67

20.85

21.87

17.23

34.8

38.0

235.4

-9.05

EF0211B-5

5980

15.13

29.23

21.03

17.02

33.8

36.8

229.1

-8.47

144.300

140.600

145.210

15.03

29.23

21.03

17.02

33.8

36.8

230.8

-8.60

QY21106

XL4D4

6000

500

15.39

30.01

20.46

20.24

33.4

35.8

220.4

-8.04

144.500

142.850

146.400

15.29

30.01

20.41

20.23

33.4

35.8

222.1

-8.18

11ELKKA

G0KSC

6048

15.22

30.02

20.81

16.79

33.2

36.2

228.7

-8.37

144.100

142.500

145.470

15.14

30.08

20.77

16.77

33.2

36.2

229.8

-8.47

QY21106

XL2D4

6305

450

15.49

22.51

19.18

18.44

32.4

34.7

227.4

-8.08

144.500

142.200

146.300

15.41

22.37

19.14

18.44

32.4

34.7

229.0

-8.19

EF0211-5

6325

15.24

20.19

22.13

18.06

33.8

36.6

226.7

-8.31

144.100

142.500

144.750

15.14

20.19

22.13

18.06

33.8

36.6

228.5

-8.45

QY21206

XL5D5

6855

500

15.69

35.70

19.70

18.28

32.4

34.4

217.9

-7.69

144.500

142.500

146.900

15.61

33.15

19.67

18.30

32.4

34.4

219.5

-7.81

G0KSC

12ELKKA

6906

15.69

30.19

21.71

18.07

31.8

34.4

222.4

-7.78

144.100

142.600

145.450

15.61

30.36

21.70

18.05

31.8

34.4

223.8

-7.89

EF0212-5

7260

15.91

21.21

20.14

16.71

31.2

33.4

224.0

-7.59

144.300

143.300

144.820

15.81

21.21

20.14

16.71

31.2

33.4

226.0

-7.73

QY21306

XL3D6

7705

500

16.16

33.47

20.33

18.29

30.8

32.2

218.7

-7.24

144.500

142.400

146.600

16.07

33.11

20.20

18.31

30.8

32.2

220.5

-7.36

G0KSC

13ELKKB

7855

16.09

26.03

22.49

19.28

30.4

32.4

220.1

-7.34

144.600

142.800

145.400

15.99

26.03

22.49

19.27

30.4

32.4

221.9

-7.47

EF0213M-5

7940

16.09

26.03

22.49

19.28

30.4

32.4

220.1

-7.34

144.600

142.800

145.400

15.99

26.03

22.49

19.27

30.4

32.4

221.9

-7.47

EF0213-5

8150

16.35

22.24

20.02

17.10

29.4

31.6

221.5

-7.10

144.300

143.660

144.620

16.22

22.15

19.96

17.04

29.8

31.6

224.0

-7.28

QY21406

XL3D7

8585

500

16.52

33.99

20.46

17.73

29.8

31.0

218.4

-6.87

144.500

141.400

146.800

16.52

32.10

15.89

19.07

30.0

29.0

222.6

-6.96

G0KSC

14ELJJD

8817

16.55

40.58

27.30

16.75

28.8

30.6

220.7

-6.89

144.100

142.350

145.270

16.48

40.07

27.28

16.73

28.8

30.4

222.1

-6.98

EF0214-5

9100

16.81

22.03

20.11

17.64

28.2

30.0

220.7

-6.63

144.300

143.720

144.620

16.67

22.10

20.04

17.57

28.2

29.9

223.3

-6.82

G0KSC

14ELJJB

9757

16.83

29.64

22.24

24.47

28.4

30.2

213.7

-6.47

144.100

142.850

145.320

16.74

29.84

22.23

24.46

28.4

30.2

215.5

-6.59

QY21506

XL2D8

9765

500

17.01

26.99

20.96

18.07

28.2

29.2

217.5

-6.37

144.500

141.200

146.450

16.92

26.92

20.95

18.08

28.2

29.2

219.5

6.49

EF0215-6

10060

17.23

18.81

17.82

15.76

26.2

27.4

226.3

-6.32

144.500

143.700

144.450

17.04

18.75

17.76

15.71

26.0

27.4

229.6

-6.57

QY21606

XL2D9

10655

500

17.29

29.80

21.11

17.58

27.4

28.2

215.2

-6.04

144.500

141.850

146.550

17.19

29.64

21.12

17.59

27.4

28.2

217.2

-6.18

G0KSC

16ELKKA

10696

17.10

33.16

31.32

26.13

27.8

29.4

209.0

-6.10

144.100

142.800

145.260

17.00

33.49

31.33

26.12

27.8

29.4

211.0

-6.24

QY21706

XL2D10

11605

500

17.53

30.98

21.46

17.90

26.8

27.6

213.9

-5.77

144.500

142.000

146.550

17.44

30.75

21.45

17.94

26.8

27.4

215.9

-5.90

EF0217-5X

11.940

17.66

31.90

22.08

20.19

25.8

27.0

217.1

-5.71

144.250

141.500

145.600

17.51

31.51

22.09

20.20

25.8

27.0

220.0

-5.91

QY21806

XL7D11

12525

500

17.82

29.41

21.31

17.75

26.0

26.6

212.8

-5.46

144.500

142.900

146.200

17.71

29.20

21.32

17.76

26.0

26.4

215.0

-5.61

ANTENNA

TYPE

Total ele nr

Loop

ele nr

(mm)

Boom length

(mm)

Ele height

(mm)

Gain

(dBi)

F/B

(dB)

F/Sh

(dB)

F/Sv

(dB)

H lobe

(◦)

V lobe

(◦)

(◦K)*

G/T

(dB)*

Central

f (MHz)

Δf for SWR=1.5

Lower

Upper

QY20708

XL7D2

2110

500

11.70

23.27

25.06

21.55

48.4

57.6

282.9

-12.82

144.500

139.00

147.000

11.67

23.32

25.03

21.43

48.4

57.4

282.9

-12.85

G0KSC

6 ELE EU

10/13

2349

12.01

24.28

27.15

21.08

46.6

55.6

272.1

-12.34

144.100

141.100

145.750

11.96

24.22

27.12

21.07

46.5

55.6

272.3

-12.39

EF0206-5

2377

11.91

25.74

24.52

14.37

46.0

55.2

283.0

-12.61

144.400

140.200

145.300

11.84

25.74

24.52

14.37

46.0

55.2

283.3

-12.68

QY20808

XL3D3

2825

500

12.78

24.01

21.48

17.78

43.4

48.6

259.5

-11.36

144.500

140.100

146.700

12.74

24.00

21.45

17.77

43.4

48.4

259.8

11.41

G0KSC

7ELE EU

10/13

2894

12.89

20.80

26.88

16.21

42.8

49.2

260.5

-11.27

144.100

141.300

145.400

12.83

20.83

27.27

16.18

42.8

49.2

260.9

-11.34

EF0207-5

3274

12.95

25.07

24.91

17.25

42.4

48.8

255.9

-11.13

144.300

140.400

145.100

12.85

24.85

24.82

17.20

42.2

48.6

256.8

-11.25

QY20808

XL1D2

3295

500

13.29

25.70

20.82

17.77

41.0

46.4

248.0

-10.66

144.500

141.400

147.150

13.24

25.55

20.79

17.76

41.0

46.2

248.6

-10.71

G0KSC

8 EURO

6/13

3729

13.35

24.84

32.20

19.43

41.6

47.6

236.5

-10.39

144.100

141.600

145.450

13.28

24.8

32.45

19.41

41.6

47.6

237.4

-10.47

EF0208-5

3880

13.52

22.20

22.07

15.33

40.0

45.0

248.2

-10.43

144.200

141.220

145.490

13.45

22.20

22.07

15.33

40.0

45.0

249.2

-10.51

QY20908

XL4D2

4265

500

14.15

20.35

20.67

18.07

37.4

41.4

236.1

-9.58

144.500

142.700

146.200

14.08

20.29

20.65

18.04

37.4

41.4

237.0

-9.67

EF0209-5

4490

14.06

21.78

22.47

16.64

37.8

42.2

239.8

-9.74

144.200

140.100

145.480

13.99

21.78

22.47

16.64

37.8

42.2

240.9

-9.83

QY21008

XL4D3

5105

500

14.89

23.17

18.43

17.98

34.6

37.4

230.8

-8.82

144.500

142.700

146.080

14.74

22.98

18.41

17.97

34.6

37.4

232.1

8.92

EF0210-LT1

5185

14.11

31.70

28.07

22.78

38.4

43.0

223.9

-9.39

144.300

141.300

146.020

14.03

31.34

28.02

22.73

38.4

42.8

225.4

-9.50

EF0210-5

5290

14.77

20.85

21.87

17.23

34.8

38.0

233.8

-8.92

144.300

140.190

145.450

14.67

20.85

21.87

17.23

34.8

38.0

235.4

-9.05

Q21108

XL4D4

6000

500

15.39

23.96

18.24

17.94

32.8

34.8

225.8

-8.15

144.500

143.400

146.300

15.31

23.98

18.23

17.93

32.6

34.8

227.2

-8.25

11ELKKA

G0KSC

6048

15.22

30.02

20.81

16.79

33.2

36.2

228.7

-8.37

144.100

142.500

145.470

15.14

30.08

20.77

16.77

33.2

36.2

229.8

-8.47

EF0211-5

6325

15.24

20.19

22.13

18.06

33.8

36.6

226.7

-8.31

144.100

142.500

144.750

15.14

20.19

22.13

18.06

33.8

36.6

228.5

-8.45

QY21208

XL4D5

6885

500

15.84

30.27

28.71

18.28

31.4

32.8

221.6

-7.62

144.500

143.210

146.020

15.75

30.20

28.67

18.28

31.2

32.8

223.3

-7.74

G0KSC

12ELKKA

6906

15.69

30.19

21.71

18.07

31.8

34.4

222.4

-7.78

144.100

142.600

145.450

15.61

30.36

21.70

18.05

31.8

34.4

223.8

-7.89

EF0212-5

7260

15.91

21.21

20.14

16.71

31.2

33.4

224.0

-7.59

144.300

143.300

144.820

15.81

21.21

20.14

16.71

31.2

33.4

226.0

-7.73

QY21308

XL4D6

7845

500

16.27

31.36

28.48

18.38

30.2

31.4

219.3

-7.14

144.500

143.200

146.200

16.18

31.69

28.29

18.37

30.2

31.2

221.1

-7.27

G0KSC

13ELKKB

7855

16.09

26.03

22.49

19.28

30.4

32.4

220.1

-7.34

144.600

142.800

145.400

15.99

26.03

22.49

19.27

30.4

32.4

221.9

-7.47

EF0213M-5

7940

16.12

26.47

22.13

19.27

30.6

32.6

223.9

-7.38

144.300

140.500

146.000

16.00

26.31

22.11

19.25

30.6

32.6

226.2

-7.54

EF0213-5

8150

16.35

22.24

20.02

17.10

29.4

31.6

221.5

-7.10

144.300

143.660

144.620

16.22

22.15

19.96

17.04

29.8

31.6

224.0

-7.28

QY21408

XL3D7

8655

500

16.61

28.32

19.68

17.45

29.2

30.4

218.5

-6.78

144.500

141.600

146.300

16.53

28.24

19.65

17.47

29.2

30.4

220.1

-6.90

G0KSC 14ELJJD

8817

16.55

40.58

27.30

16.75

28.8

30.6

220.7

-6.89

144.100

142.350

145.270

16.48

40.07

27.28

16.73

28.8

30.4

222.1

-6.98

EF0214-5

9100

16.81

22.03

20.11

17.64

28.2

30.0

220.7

-6.63

144.300

143.720

144.620

16.67

22.03

20.11

17.64

28.2

30.0

223.3

-6.82

QY21508

XL5D8

9555

500

16.96

32.00

20.47

17.74

28.2

29.2

218.4

-6.43

144.500

141.900

146.450

16.89

31.75

20.46

17.74

28.2

29.2

219.9

-6.53

G0KSC 14ELJJB

9757

16.83

29.64

22.24

24.47

28.4

30.2

213.7

-6.47

144.100

142.850

145.320

16.74

29.84

22.23

24.46

28.4

30.2

215.5

-6.59

EF0215-5

10060

17.23

18.81

17.82

15.76

26.2

27.4

226.3

-6.32

144.500

143.700

144.450

17.04

18.75

17.76

15.71

26.0

27.4

229.6

-6.57

QY21608

XL3D9

10265

500

17.15

27.98

20.66

17.61

27.6

28.4

216.0

-6.20

144.500

143.100

146.050

17.06

27.86

20.63

17.61

27.6

28.4

217.8

-6.32

G0KSC 16ELKKA

10696

17.06

33.49

31.33

26.12

27.8

29.4

209.8

-6.16

144.100

143.000

145.260

16.95

33.49

31.33

26.12

27.8

29.4

211.8

-6.31

EF0216-5

11.280

17.48

20.60

20.77

18.67

26.4

27.6

219.3

-5.93

144.250

143.600

144.550

17.34

20.65

20.70

18.64

26.2

27.6

222.0

-6.12

QY21708

XL4D10

11605

500

17.57

30.18

21.80

18.05

26.6

27.2

213.6

-5.73

144.500

142.500

146.300

17.48

30.00

21.80

18.07

26.6

27.2

215.3

-5.85

EF0217-5X

11.940

17.66

31.90

22.08

20.19

25.8

27.0

217.1

-5.71

144.250

141.500

145.600

17.51

31.51

22.09

20.20

25.8

27.0

220.0

-5.91

QY21808

XL4D12

12585

500

17.86

28.10

21.81

17.63

25.8

26.2

213.6

-5.44

144.500

142.600

146.300

17.77

27.95

21.82

17.63

25.8

26.2

215.3

-5.56

ANTENNA

TYPE

Total ele nr

Loop

ele nr

(mm)

Boom length

(mm)

Ele height

(mm)

Gain

(dBi)

F/B

(dB)

F/Sh

(dB)

F/Sv

(dB)

H lobe

(◦)

V lobe

(◦)

(◦K)*

G/T

(dB)*

Central

f (MHz)

Δf for SWR=1.5

Lower

Upper

QY20710

XL7D2

2110

500

11.76

28.73

24.15

20.69

48.2

57.0

279.0

-12.70

144.500

138.400

146.450

11.73

28.85

24.12

20.68

48.2

57.0

279.0

-12.73

G0KSC

6 ELE EU

10/13

2349

12.01

24.28

27.15

21.08

46.6

55.6

272.1

-12.34

144.100

141.100

145.750

11.96

24.22

27.12

21.07

46.5

55.6

272.3

-12.39

G0KSC

6ELE/XL

10/13

2349

500

12.17

21.65

25.44

21.64

46.0

54.4

268.9

-12.13

144.100

141.500

145.850

12.12

21.59

25.41

21.60

45.8

54.2

269.2

-12.18

EF0206-5

2377

11.91

25.74

24.52

14.37

46.0

55.2

283.0

-12.61

144.400

140.200

145.300

11.84

25.74

24.52

14.37

46.0

55.2

283.3

-12.68

QY20810

XL5D3

2885

500

12.88

27.25

21.31

16.19

43.2

48.2

256.2

-11.21

144.500

140.450

146.200

12.85

27.25

21.29

16.18

43.2

48.2

256.5

11.24

G0KSC

7ELE EU

10/13

2894

12.89

20.80

26.88

16.21

42.8

49.2

260.5

-11.27

144.100

141.300

145.400

12.83

20.83

27.27

16.18

42.8

49.2

260.9

-11.34

QY20810

XL4D2

3425

500

13.43

21.51

21.79

20.41

40.6

45.8

245.6

-10.47

144.500

140.400

146.200

13.39

21.44

21.76

20.39

40.6

45.8

246.2

-10.52

G0KSC

8 EURO

6/13

3729

13.35

24.84

32.20

19.43

41.6

47.6

236.5

-10.39

144.100

141.600

145.450

13.28

24.8

32.45

19.41

41.6

47.6

237.4

-10.47

EF0208-5

3880

13.52

22.20

22.07

15.33

40.0

45.0

248.2

-10.43

144.200

141.220

145.490

13.45

22.20

22.07

15.33

40.0

45.0

249.2

-10.51

QY20910

XL4D2

4205

500

14.11

22.63

20.66

18.70

37.6

41.8

235.4

-9.61

144.500

142.700

146.700

14.06

22.53

20.64

18.69

37.6

41.8

236.2

-9.67

G0KSC

9ELWB

4447

14.12

20.26

21.14

16.17

37.6

41.8

239.6

-9.68

144.100

142.700

145.550

14.04

20.16

21.13

16.13

37.6

41.8

240.9

-9.78

EF0209-5

4490

14.06

21.78

22.47

16.64

37.8

42.2

239.8

-9.74

144.200

140.100

145.480

13.99

21.78

22.47

16.64

37.8

42.2

240.9

-9.83

QY21010

XL1D3

5405

500

14.93

20.34

19.33

18.99

34.6

37.2

228.8

-8.66

144.500

141.500

146.370

14.87

20.28

19.30

18.97

34.6

37.4

229.7

-8.74

QY21110

XL4D4

6000

500

15.31

29.41

19.04

18.02

33.4

36.0

222.3

-8.16

144.500

142.800

146.100

15.26

29.36

19.03

18.01

33.4

36.0

223.3

-8.23

11ELKKA

G0KSC

6048

15.22

30.02

20.81

16.79

33.2

36.2

228.7

-8.37

144.100

142.500

145.470

15.14

30.08

20.77

16.77

33.2

36.2

229.8

-8.47

G0KSC

12ELKKA

6906

15.69

30.19

21.71

18.07

31.8

34.4

222.4

-7.78

144.100

142.600

145.450

15.61

30.36

21.70

18.05

31.8

34.4

223.8

-7.89

QY21210

XL4D5

6915

500

15.87

31.29

27.84

18.81

31.2

32.8

222.9

-7.61

144.500

143.350

146.000

15.80

31.17

27.80

18.81

31.2

32.8

224.3

-7.71

EF0212-5

7260

15.91

21.21

20.14

16.71

31.2

33.4

224.0

-7.59

144.300

143.300

144.820

15.81

21.21

20.14

16.71

31.2

33.4

226.0

-7.73

QY21310

XL4D6

7775

500

16.28

39.07

19.17

17.58

30.2

31.2

220.8

-7.16

144.500

143.250

146.300

16.20

38.71

29.41

17.59

30.2

31.2

222.2

-7.27

G0KSC

13ELKKB

7855

16.13

26.03

22.49

19.28

30.4

32.4

219.4

-7.28

144.600

142.650

145.370

16.03

26.03

22.49

19.27

30.4

32.4

221.1

-7.42

EF0213-5

8150

16.40

19.51

19.16

16.69

29.4

31.2

224.8

-7.12

144.300

143.660

144.620

16.25

19.51

19.16

16.69

29.4

31.2

227.6

-7.32

QY21410

XL4D7

8625

500

16.62

31.48

19.38

17.16

29.0

30.2

219.1

-6.79

144.500

141.900

146.250

16.55

31.35

19.36

17.17

29.0

30.2

220.5

-6.88

G0KSC

14ELJJD

8817

16.55

40.58

27.30

16.75

28.8

30.6

220.7

-6.89

144.100

142.350

145.270

16.48

40.07

27.28

16.73

28.8

30.4

222.1

-6.98

EF0214-5

9100

16.81

22.03

20.11

17.64

28.2

30.0

220.7

-6.63

144.300

143.720

144.620

16.67

22.03

20.11

17.64

28.2

30.0

223.3

-6.82

QY21510

XL4D8

9455

500

16.94

27.78

19.52

17.13

28.0

29.0

219.1

-6.47

144.500

142.300

146.150

16.86

27.66

19.51

17.12

28.0

29.0

220.4

-6.57

G0KSC

14ELJJB

9757

16.83

29.64

22.24

24.47

28.4

30.2

213.7

-6.47

144.100

142.850

145.320

16.74

29.84

22.23

24.46

28.4

30.2

215.5

-6.59

QY21510

XL4D7

10000

450

17.15

31.99

18.84

17.85

27.0

28.2

220.6

-6.28

144.500

142.500

146.300

17.08

32.10

18.81

17.85

27.0

28.2

221.8

-6.38

EF0215-6

10060

17.23

18.81

17.82

15.76

26.2

27.4

226.3

-6.32

144.500

143.700

144.450

17.04

18.75

17.76

15.71

26.0

27.4

229.6

-6.57

G0KSC 16ELKKA

10696

17.10

33.16

31.32

26.13

27.8

29.4

209.0

-6.10

144.100

142.800

145.260

17.00

33.49

31.33

26.12

27.8

29.4

211.0

-6.24

Q21610

XL3D8

10905

450

17.43

38.39

18.68

17.48

26.4

27.4

219.1

-5.98

144.500

141.800

146.600

17.37

38.04

18.66

17.49

26.4

27.4

220.3

-6.06

EF0216-5

11280

17.48

20.60

20.77

18.67

26.4

27.6

219.3

-5.93

144.250

143.600

144.550

17.34

20.65

20.70

18.64

26.2

27.6

222.0

-6.12

QY21710

XL3D9

11708

450

17.65

31.56

19.20

17.64

25.8

26.8

218.2

-5.74

144.500

142.900

146.500

17.58

31.43

19.19

17.64

25.8

26.8

219.5

-5.83

EF0217-5X

11940

17.66

31.90

22.08

20.19

25.8

27.0

217.1

-5.71

144.250

141.500

145.600

17.51

31.51

22.09

20.20

25.8

27.0

220.0

-5.91

QY21810

3D11

11985

500

17.73

45.23

20.39

17.28

26.0

26.6

214.7

-5.59

144.500

142.100

146.100

17.66

44.40

20.39

17.28

26.0

26.6

216.1

-5.69

ANTENNA TYPE	Length (mm)	Single antenna			Stack for lowest temperature
ANTENNA TYPE	Length (mm)	G (dBi)	TA (°K)	G/T (dB)	H (mm)	V (mm)	G (dBi)	TA (°K)	G/T (dB)
QY21105XL4	6000	15.43	220.4	-8.00	3180	3030	20.97	215.0	-2.35
QY21105XL4	6000	15.33	222.5	-8.14	3180	3030	20.86	217.0	-2.51
EF0211-05B	5980	15.13	229.1	-8.47	3110	2850	20.58	219.4	-2.83
EF0211-05B	5980	15.03	230.8	-8.60	3110	2850	20.49	221.1	-2.96
11ELKKA G0KSC	6048	15.22	228.7	-8.37	3150	2800	20.63	218.1	-2.76
11ELKKA G0KSC	6048	15.14	229.8	-8.47	3150	2800	20.57	219.2	-2.84

ANTENNA TYPE	Length (mm)	Single antenna			Stack for highest G/T
ANTENNA TYPE	Length (mm)	G (dBi)	TA (°K)	G/T (dB)	H (mm)	V (mm)	G (dBi)	TA (°K)	G/T (dB)
QY21105XL4	6000	15.43	220.4	-8.00	4000	3050	21.27	217.7	-2.11
QY21105XL4	6000	15.33	222.5	-8.14	4000	3050	21.16	219.7	-2.26
EF0211-05B	5980	15.13	229.1	-8.47	3960	3390	21.16	227.9	-2.42
EF0211-05B	5980	15.03	230.8	-8.60	3960	3390	21.07	229.5	-2.54
11ELKKA G0KSC	6048	15.22	228.7	-8.37	3850	3140	21.11	224.1	-2.39
11ELKKA G0KSC	6048	15.14	229.8	-8.47	3850	3140	21.04	225.1	-2.48

ANTENNA TYPE	Length (mm)	Single antenna			Stack for highest gain
ANTENNA TYPE	Length (mm)	G (dBi)	TA (°K)	G/T (dB)	H (mm)	V (mm)	G (dBi)	TA (°K)	G/T (dB)
QY21105XL4	6000	15.43	220.4	-8.00	4100	3550	21.48	222.6	-2.00
QY21105XL4	6000	15.33	222.5	-8.14	4100	3550	21.37	224.6	-2.14
EF0211-05B	5980	15.13	229.1	-8.47	3970	3630	21.21	227.9	-2.42
EF0211-05B	5980	15.03	230.8	-8.60	3970	3630	21.11	233.6	-2.57
11ELKKA G0KSC	6048	15.22	228.7	-8.37	4040	3570	21.25	234.6	-2.45
11ELKKA G0KSC	6048	15.14	229.8	-8.47	4040	3570	21.19	235.5	-2.53